How to write a cover letter

Follow our simple tips and create the perfect cover letter.

4 mins read
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11 Dec, 2024

​How to write a covering letter. The bane of many people’s lives. But it really doesn’t need to be. Follow our simple tips and yours will stand out from the crowd.

​Let’s start with the basics: what is a cover letter?

A cover letter accompanies a CV (and/or completed application form). It can also be the email you send to a prospective employer with your CV attached – the lines are now starting to blur. It's an opportunity to highlight what makes you particularly suited for the job, but most importantly, should highlight your passions and motivations for the job and company in question.

Why you need one

Recruiters get inundated with CVs from hundreds of people who apply for their vacancies, so the cover letter helps make you stand out. Send a good one, and they’ll probably spend more time on your CV.

How to start and end a cover letter

Research the job you’re applying for and find out who the hiring manager will be and address it to them – brownie points for this straight away. This may involve a call to the recruitment team covering the role or you may prefer to do a bit of searching on LinkedIn. Once you have a name you should address the letter to that person and begin the letter, for example, "Dear Ms Jones," and end with "Yours sincerely, <your name>".

If you can’t find the name of the person, but have a job title, such as the HR manager, you should address the letter to the HR manager, and include

"Dear Sir or Madam," and end with "Yours faithfully, <your name>".

You should include the job title of the role you are applying for somewhere clearly – in an email this could well be the subject line, or in a letter it could be in your opening paragraph. We won’t be more specific than this as, for the sake of job-hunting, there are more important things to worry about.

A cover letter should always end positively and look ahead to the next stage, for example, 'I would be happy to provide further information at interview' or 'I look forward to hearing from you'.

The meat of the matter

Always write a new cover letter for each job you go for: recruiters can spot a “copy & paste” job at half a mile. Your cover letter should explain why you are applying for this particular job. You should use it to expand upon areas of your CV that are relevant to the job you are applying for and link them to your personal motivations. If you have a real interest in the company and its products, or you have certain qualifications that are suitable for this job, then say so. If you believe in the company’s values then tell them. If the role is the ideal next step in your career, explain why. If there is something about you which makes you particularly unique – personal recommendations, previous voluntary experience, or other anecdotes, use them. Remember you need to stand out as being passionate (without seeming desperate) and likeable.

Relevance

Everything you write should relate directly to the job at hand: they won’t want to know that you like football or watching TV unless the job is about football or TV. And don't just repeat what's on your CV. The covering letter and CV work together, with each filling in the gaps of the other. Use the covering letter to shed additional light on the information on your CV.

Length

Your cover letter should be well-presented and ideally fit onto one page – to a maximum of approximately 400 words. You want to entice the hirer to want to find out more about you, not tell them the whole story up front.

Proof-reading

There’s nothing worse than seeing a well-written letter that’s littered with errors. Many recruiters will reject all applications with any spelling errors or typos without a second thought, so don’t let that be yours. This is especially important if you’re going for a job that requires any sort of attention to detail. Check your work thoroughly.

A note on research

We can’t stress the importance of this enough. Before you start, do some research on the company and the job you’re applying for. Things to know include what the company does, their competitors and where they're placed in the market.

Not only will carrying out this research give you the knowledge you require to tailor your cover letter and CV to the style of the company, it also demonstrates that you’ve a real interest in the role and the company itself.

A final thought

Your CV shows you can do the job, your cover letter shows you will do the job. The two should complement each other. 

What's happening...

Sales CV template: for Sales Executives and other sales professionals
2 mins read
  1. Article

Sales CV template: for Sales Executives and other sales professionals

​Whether you are a sales executive, supplier relationship manager or field sales consultant, use our free template to build your perfect sales CV today.

[Full Name]
[Home address]
[Contact Number] • [Email Address]

Personal Statement

Use this section of your CV to highlight the skills that would be transferable in a sales environment e.g. questioning and listening, tenacity, resilience and the ability to think on your feet. It’s also a good idea to include a link to your LinkedIn profile.

Sales professionals are target driven and financially motivated, so don't forget to highlight and "sell" yourself.

Try to avoid statements such as "I work well as part of a team and on my own initiative" or "I can communicate at all levels" - the majority of CVs contain these statements. CVs that show creativity stand out in sales.

Education

A relevant degree, for example Business Studies will give you a great start, but many degrees have a sales element, e.g. Psychology - understanding people, Engineering - problem solving, Law - negotiation skills etc.

It is important to present your education in a way that identifies you as a sales person.

In some sales positions experience trumps education, so if you don’t have a glittering academic record, make sure you elaborate on your experience.

[College/School Name]
[Date M/Y– Date M/Y]

A-levels:

  • [Subject] – [Grade]

  • [Subject] – [Grade]

  • [Subject] – [Grade]

GCSEs:

  • [Number] GCSEs, grades [range], including Maths and English

Work Experience

This should be brief and, as a general rule of thumb, focus on the last five years of your career, or last three roles, in chronological order with the most recent at the top. Highlight your key achievements, and aim to use bullet points rather than lengthy descriptions.

[Job Title], [Company Name] [Location]
[Date M/Y- Date M/Y]

Achievements and responsibilities:

  • Brief role overview

  • Worked alongside [team] to produce [project]

  • Implemented [change] which resulted in [benefit]

  • Received an [award name] for [reason]

Hobbies and Interests

This section is not essential, but can be a good opportunity to reinforce your application, and show a future employer what motivates you outside of work.

Don’t just say that you ‘like to socialise’ be specific, and don’t be afraid to share your successes. If you can put a sales slant on this part of your CV too, even better.

I’ve completed a marathon for [charity]

I negotiated my away across [country] on a budget, working as I went

References

References are available upon request.

Download our full sales CV template.

Accountant CV template
2 mins read
  1. Article

Accountant CV template

Are you an accountant looking to build the perfect curriculum vitae? Use our template today for a free example CV

[Full Name]
[Home address]
[Contact Number] • [Email Address]

Personal statement

This section is your chance to summarise the rest of the CV, and convince the recruiter to get in touch. It is important to keep it brief, between 50-200 words, and outline who you are, the technical skills you have to offer and your career aim. Achievements are better listed under each job, rather than in your profile.

I have developed strong technical experience within the accounting profession over recent years, specifically covering [analysis/month-end reporting/reconciliations]. I have worked with and am highly skilled in the use of [technologies/systems].

I am able to clearly articulate my thoughts, and have proven the ability to interact with both finance and non-finance staff in order to facilitate efficient reporting procedures. I now seek an opportunity within an [business type/industry] organisation, where I can bring significant value, and continue to develop my skills further whilst I finalise my studies.

Education

Given the importance of education – both accounting specific and general – in advancing through the early stages of your professional career, it is important to highlight your academic strengths early in your CV. Recruiters and employers looking for a PQ will want to see evidence without having to hunt for it. Be clear with your grading, and emphasis any specific topics studied.

[Examining body – ACA, ACCA, CIMA, AAT, ICM, IPP]
[Date M/Y– Date M/Y]

  • [list examinations passed]

[University Name]
[Date M/Y– Date M/Y]

  • [Degree subject] – [Grade]

[College/School Name]
[Date M/Y– Date M/Y]

  • [A Level Subject] – [Grade]

  • [A Level Subject] – [Grade]

  • [A Level Subject] – [Grade]

[College/School Name]
[Date M/Y– Date M/Y]

  • [Number] GCSEs, grades [range], including Maths and English

Work Experience

This should be a detailed outline of the work you have conducted throughout your career, listing your technical responsibilities gained through practical experience. Employers will not assume your knowledge – you must illustrate this clearly.

Do not be fooled by the suggestion that CVs should be limited to two pages – this is wholly irrelevant to professions which require evidence of responsibilities undertaken.

[Job Title], [Company Name] [Location]
[Date M/Y- Date M/Y]

Responsibilities:

  • Preparation of month-end management accounts to strict deadlines inclusive of P&L statement, fully reconciled balance sheet and debtor/creditor analysis

  • Production of variance analysis commentaries focusing upon [gross profit/sales/cost of sales/actuals vs budget]

  • Reconciliation of [number of] bank accounts in [GBP/EUR/USD/CADZAR/AUD] currencies

  • Preparation and submission of [VAT/CIS/PAYE/Intrastat/EC Sales] returns

  • Preparation and posting of [accrual/prepayment/payroll/depreciation/adjustment] journals

  • Maintenance of fixed asset register to include additions, disposals and depreciation

Achievements:

  • Implemented [change] which resulted in [benefit] – list as many as is suitable to benefit your application

  • Received an [award name] for [reason]

Hobbies and Interests

This section is not essential to include, but you may wish to depending on the role you are applying for. It can be a useful chance to show a little more of your personality. However, be warned this can be very subjective, so ensure anything listed here reinforces your application, and the idea that you’ll be the right fit for the role. If you don’t have any real relatable hobbies, it is best to omit this section.
I organise a weekly [sport] game, managing bookings, transport and help to coach the team
Undertook a [course] in order to improve my [skill]

References

References are available upon request.

Download our full accountancy CV template.

Seven top tips for writing an inclusive job specification and description
7 mins read
  1. Article

Seven top tips for writing an inclusive job specification and description

Companies that are serious about fostering an inclusive work environment should begin by evaluating the very first interaction a job seeker has with their organisation: the job description and specification. According to a report from McKinsey, businesses that embrace diversity are 36% more likely to have better financial performance than their less diverse counterparts.  

“This is why it’s important organisations focus on writing inclusive job descriptions and specifications to attract a broader pool of talent,” said Chris Willsher, Regional Director at Reed.

To explore how businesses can craft more inclusive job descriptions, we spoke with recruitment experts across Reed, who shared actionable strategies for making job postings resonate with a more diverse audience.

1. Avoid gendered language

The language used in job descriptions can significantly impact who applies. Research shows certain words and phrases may discourage people from underrepresented groups, particularly women, from applying. Words like "aggressive" and "dominant" are often associated with male stereotypes and can subtly alienate female candidates. 

Chris emphasised the importance of being mindful of gendered language, adding that employers can inadvertently signal that their culture aligns more with male stereotypes. 

“Words like 'collaborative,' 'inclusive,' and 'supportive' tend to appeal to all genders,” he said, “whereas terms like 'competitive' or 'dominant' may inadvertently deter women or non-binary individuals for applying for your roles."

He suggested using a language decoding tool to help identify biased language such as this one, or even the free version of ChatGPT to identify any words that may need to be neutralised.

2. When it comes to experience and qualifications – use inclusive language

Companies often ask for extensive qualifications or specific years of experience in job descriptions, which can disproportionately discourage women and minority candidates. According to research from LinkedIn, women apply for jobs only if they meet 100% of the qualifications, whereas men will apply if they meet about 60%.

Michelle Topley, Permanent Recruitment Consultant in Reed’s Norwich office, in the UK, advises organisations, where possible, to rethink how they frame qualifications.

“Where possible, it’s important hiring managers focus on the skills and competencies needed to succeed in the role, rather than creating strict list of requirements,” she said.

“You need to really ask yourself if a qualification is 100% necessary for the vacancy you have, or is it just on your nice-to-have wish list?

“Don’t get me wrong, there are roles that need certain qualifications, especially in the legal field that I recruit for, but in the current climate where skills gaps are prevalent, you need to think about upskilling – can you train this person to do the job? So many talented people won’t even apply if they don’t tick every one of your boxes.”

3. Promote flexible working options

Flexible work arrangements are more important than ever for candidates, especially those balancing caregiving responsibilities or dealing with other personal challenges. Advertising flexible work options prominently in job descriptions can open the door to a more diverse talent pool.

Shaq Hills, a Business Manager – Practice Specialist based in Reed’s Reading branch, in the UK, specialises in accountancy and finance practice recruitment. He said companies which are truly committed to inclusion need to make sure job specifications and descriptions reflect that you really understand how diverse individuals have different needs.

He said: “Not every business can offer flexible working, but most can have a stab at offering some form of flexibility. By doing this you are highlighting that as a business you are committed to employee wellbeing, by offering a ‘positive’ work-life balance.

“This is a major draw, particularly for women, older workers and those with disabilities. If you offer it, make it a prominent feature."

4. Remove bias in job titles

Job titles can often carry hidden biases, which may prevent certain groups from applying. Titles like "salesman" or "chairman" reflect outdated, male-centric norms, while titles such as "guru" or "rockstar" - not that we recruit for many rockstars - may skew younger and discourage older applicants from applying.

Rebecca Moore, Business Manager for the Northampton Reed office, in the UK, said neutral job titles that don’t encourage bias and attract as many candidates as possible to your job are vital.

She said: “Some job titles are simply outdated, and anything with the word ‘man’ on the end should certainly not be entertained. They need to be clear; do exactly what it says on the tin, and welcome people from all walks of life.

“A great example of this is the job title 'software engineer' – it really is neutral and widely understood in the tech space. If you were trying to be more vibrant and out there you may want to call the role 'coding ninja' – but you must really think hard about it as something like this may alienate potential candidates who feel they don’t fit into the cultural stereotype that the word ‘ninja’ signifies.”

5. Include your commitment to diversity

Explicitly stating a company’s commitment to EDI&B in job descriptions signals to candidates that an organisation values a wide range of perspectives and experiences. A simple paragraph outlining your EDI&B initiatives or your dedication to creating an inclusive environment can make a significant impact on potential applicants.

London-based Area Manager and public sector HR recruiter, Bukola Odofin, is an advocate of company’s having a clear employee value proposition that fully embodies a company’s culture, goals and commitments.

She said: "Your commitment to diversity shouldn’t just be a vague statement at the bottom of the job description, it should be part of your employee value proposition.

“This proposition should be woven into the job and clearly highlighted in any description or specification that is written. On top of this, where possible clearly define how the vacancy contributes to building an inclusive environment within your company and mention any specific inclusion and diversity initiatives you have."

6. Encourage applications from underrepresented groups

Sometimes, simply encouraging people from underrepresented groups to apply can broaden the pool of candidates. Job postings can include phrases like, “We encourage candidates from diverse backgrounds to apply,” which can reassure applicants that the company genuinely values diversity.

Chris Willsher, Regional Director at Reed, said one way of encouraging applications from underrepresented sectors is to advertise roles on platforms which are popular with individuals from those groups.

“You can’t attract underrepresented groups to your roles without highlighting your commitment to diversity on your website and in job descriptions, and offering training programmes, internships, and mentorship opportunities aimed at underrepresented individuals,” he said.

“Another way of encouraging applications is to promote employee referrals from diverse backgrounds and provide unconscious bias training for hiring managers to ensure a fair recruitment process. These strategies help create an inclusive environment that attracts a wide range of applicants.”

7. Highlight personal development opportunities

Inclusive job descriptions should also highlight growth opportunities within a company. When businesses emphasise that they support employee development and provide clear career pathways, they attract candidates who not only want a job but want to belong to a workplace that invests in their future.

“If you really want to demonstrate you value your people you need to really emphasise your commitment to learning and growth,” said Hayley Bee, Technology Practice Lead in Newcastle’s Reed office, in the UK.

She added: “I specialise in technology recruitment where skill shortages are rife, so by highlighting that you invest in your employees’ development on both a personal and professional level, you can really show that you value your people.

“Candidates from marginalised backgrounds do look for signs that a company will offer them room to grow and flourish, particularly if they’ve been in previous work environments where this hasn’t been the case."

Crafting inclusive job descriptions is not a one-time effort. It requires ongoing reflection, feedback, and refinement. The way you write your job description sends a powerful message about your company, meaning you need to ensure the message you are sending out is one that demonstrates you value inclusion.

If you’re looking to hire, our network of specialist recruiters can assist you in creating job descriptions to reach a wide pool of talent for your role. Get in touch with one of our experts today.